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Flashpoint:  The minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off enough vapor within a test vessel in sufficient concentration to form an ignitable mixture with air near the surface of the liquid.

Remember, it is the vapors, not the liquid, that Burns!

A chemical’s flashpoint is listed on the MSDS under the Fire and Explosion section.

• Flash point means the minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off enough vapor to form an ignitable mixture.

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• In general, the lower the flash point, the greater the hazard.
• Flammable liquids have flash points below 100 deg. F, and are more dangerous than combustible liquids, since they may be ignited at room temperature.
• NFPA Classes IA, IB, & IC
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• Combustible liquids have flash points at or above 100 deg. F.
• NFPA Classes II & IIIA & B
• Although combustible liquids have higher flash points than flammable liquids, they can pose serious fire and/or explosion hazards when heated.

Any liquid having a flashpoint below 100 deg. F (37.8 deg. C) or higher, the total of which make up 99 percent or more of the total volume of the mixture.  Flammable liquids shall be known as Class I liquids.  Class I liquids are divided into three classes as follows:

• Class IA - shall include liquids having flashpoints below 73 F (22.8 C) and having a boiling point below 100 F (37.8 C).
• Class IB - shall include liquids having flashpoints below 73 F (22.8 C) and having a boiling point at or above 100 F (37.8 C).
• Class IC - shall include liquids having flashpoints at or above 73 F (22.8 C) and below 100 F (37.8 C).

Any liquid having a flashpoint at or above 100 deg. F (37.8 deg. C).  Combustible liquids shall be divided into two classes as follows:

• Class II - shall include those with flashpoints at or above 100 F (37.8 C) and below 140 F (60 C), except any mixture having components with flashpoints of 200 F (93.3 C) or higher, the volume of which makes up 99 percent or more of the total volume of the mixture.
• Class III - shall include those with flashpoints at or above 140 F (60 C).

Class III liquids are subdivided into two subclasses:

• Class IIIA - shall include those with flashpoints at or above 140 F (60 C) and below 200 F (93.3 C), except any mixture having components with flashpoints of 200 F (93.3 C), or higher, the total volume of which makes up 99 percent or more of the total volume of the mixture.
• Class IIIB - shall include those with flashpoints at or above 200 F (93.3 C).

Reference: "The Firefighter's Handbook of Hazardous Materials", 6th Edition, Charles J. Baker.

Explosive limits involve the concentration level of the given chemical in the air.

In popular jargon, a vapor/air mixture below the flammable limit is too lean to burn or explode.  A mixture above the upper flammable limits is too rich to burn.

Most flammable liquids are volatile, meaning they evaporate quickly, and can reach a concentration in the air that could lead to an explosion.

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• Control of the ignition sources.
• Practice safe handling, storage, fire control and ventilation.
• Identify sources of ignition.
• Always use bonding and grounding when transferring flammable liquids into/from containers.
• Always provide adequate ventilation to reduce the potential for ignition.

• Proper storage
• Ensure flammables and combustibles are properly stored.
• Identify compatible chemicals.
• Isolate and separate incompatible materials.
• Ensure storage doesn’t limit safe egress.
• Store in proper area, cabinet, or container.
• Label storage areas/cabinets.
• Store waste and residue in covered containers and dispose of daily.

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• Ensure proper hoses, fire extinguishers or other fire control devices are available where flammable or combustible liquids are stored.
• Do not permit flames or smoking in areas where flammable or combustible liquids are stored.
• Store materials that react with water in a room separate from flammable and combustible liquids.
• Safe handling
• Transfer by means of a safety pump.
• Transfer by gravity through an approved self-closing safety faucet.
• Bimba Lola crossbody Medium Women bag black leather y 182BBAL2I Transfer through a closed piping system.
• Transfer from safety cans.

• open flames
• smoking
• cutting and welding
• hot surfaces
• electrical and mechanical sparks
• static electricity
• lightning

• Static Electricty is generated when a fluid flows through a pipe or from an opening into a tank.
• The main hazards are fire and explosion from sparks containing enough energy to ignite the flammable vapors.
• Bonding or grounding of the flammable liquid containers is necessary to prevent static electricity from causing a spark.
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• Physically connect two conductive objects together with a bond wire to eliminate a difference in static charge potential between them.
• You must provide a bond wire between containers during flammable liquid filling operations, unless a metallic path between them is otherwise present

• Eliminates a difference in static charge potential between conductive objects and the ground.
• Although bonding will eliminate a difference in potential between objects, it will not eliminate a difference in potential between these objects and earth unless one of the objects is connected to the earth with a ground wire.

• Medium black 182BBAL2I y Bimba leather Women bag Lola crossbody Always provide adequate ventilation to reduce the potential for ignition of flammable vapors.

• Identify incompatible chemicals – check the Material Safety Data Sheet
• Isolate and separate incompatible materials
• Isolate by storing in another area or room.
• The degree of isolation depends on the quantities, chemical properties and packaging.
• Separate by storing in the same area or room, but apart from each other.
• Storage must not limit the use of exits, stairways, or areas normally used for the safe egress of people.
• In office occupancies:
• Storage is prohibited except that which is required for maintenance and operation of the equipment.
• Storage must be in:
• Closed metal containers inside a storage cabinet.
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• Inside a storage room.

• Approved container of not more than 5 gallons capacity.
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• Safely relieves internal pressure when exposed to fire

• 182BBAL2I Women y Lola crossbody Bimba black Medium leather bag Prevents fire flashback into the can contents.
• Double wire-mesh construction.
• Large surface area provides rapid dissipation of heat from fire so that vapor temperature inside the can remains below ignition point.

• Not more than 60 gallons of Class I and/or Class II liquids, or not more than 120 gallons of Class III liquids are permitted in a cabinet.

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• The cabinet must be conspicuously labeled, “Flammable - Keep Fire Away”.
• The doors on the metal cabinets must have a three-point lock (top, side, and bottom), and the door sill must be raised at least 2 inches above the bottom of the cabinet.

• Suitable fire control devices, such as a small hose or portable fire extinguishers must be available where flammable or combustible liquids are stored.
• Open flames and smoking must not be permitted in these storage areas.
• Materials which react with water must not be stored in the same room with flammable or combustible liquids

Since there is a sizeable risk whenever flammable liquids are handled, OSHA allows only four methods for transferring these materials:

1. Through a closed piping system

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2. From safety cans
3. By gravity through an approved self-closing safety faucet
4. By means of a safety pump

• Bonding wire between drum and container.
• Grounding wire between drum and ground.
• Safety vent in drum.

• Faster and safer than using a faucet.
• Spills less likely.
• No separate safety vents in the drum are required
• Installed directly in drum bung opening
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• Some pump hoses have integral bonding wires

Combustible waste and residue must be kept to a minimum, stored in covered metal receptacles and disposed of daily.

• Carefully read the manufacturer’s label on the flammable liquid container before storing or using it.
• Practice good housekeeping in flammable liquid storage areas.
• Clean up spills immediately, then place the cleanup rags in a covered metal container.
• Only use approved metal safety containers or an original manufacturer’s container to store flammable liquids.
• Keep the containers closed when not in use and store away from exits or passageways.
• Use flammable liquids only where there is plenty of ventilation.
• Keep flammable liquids away from ignition sources such as open flames, sparks, smoking, cutting, welding, etc.